On Increasing Network Lifetime in Body Area Networks Using Global Routing with Energy Consumption Balancing 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2012, 12, 13088-13108; doi:10.3390/s121013088 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article On Increasing Network Lifetime in Body Area Networks Using Global Routing with Energy Consumption Balancing Gill R. Tsouri *, Alvaro Prieto and Nikhil Argade Communications Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, 79 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; E-Mails: axp8664@ (A.P.); naa8450@ (N.A.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: grteee@; Tel.: +1-585-475-6452; Fax: +1-585-475-5845. Received: 2 July 2012; in revised form: 12 September 2012 / Accepted: 13 September 2012 / Published: 26 September 2012 Abstract: Global routing protocols in wireless body area networks are considered. Global routing is augmented with a novel link cost function designed to balance energy consumption across the network. The result is a substantial increase in network lifetime at the expense of a marginal increase in energy per bit. Network maintenance requirements are reduced as well, since balancing energy consumption means all batteries need to be serviced at the same time and less frequently. The proposed routing protocol is evaluated using a hardware experimental setup comprising multiple nodes and an access point. The setup is used to assess network architectures, including an on-body access point and an off-body access point with varying number of antennas. Real-time experiments are conducted in indoor environments to assess performance gains. In addition, the setup is used to record channel attenuation data which are then processed in extensive computer simulations providing insight on the effect of protocol parameters on performance. Results demonstrate efficient balancing of energy consumption across all nodes, an average increase of up to 40% in network lifetime corresponding to a modest average increase of 0.4 dB in energy