On the exoneration of Dr. William H. Stewart debunking an urban legend 英文参考文献.docVIP

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On the exoneration of Dr. William H. Stewart debunking an urban legend 英文参考文献.doc

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On the exoneration of Dr. William H. Stewart debunking an urban legend 英文参考文献

SpellbergandTaylor-BlakeInfectiousDiseasesofpoverty2013,2:3 /content/2/1/3 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess OntheexonerationofDr.WilliamH.Stewart: debunkinganurbanlegend BradSpellberg1,2*andBonnieTaylor-Blake3 Abstract Background:Itisoneofthemostinfamousquotesinthehistoryofbiomedicine:“Itistimetoclosethebookon infectiousdiseases,anddeclarethewaragainstpestilencewon.”LongattributedtotheUnitedStatesSurgeon General,Dr.WilliamH.Stewart(1965-1969),thestatementisfrequentlyusedasafoilbyscientificandlayauthorsto underscoretheever-increasingproblemsofantibiotic-resistantandemerginginfections.However,theprimary sourceforthequotehasneverbeenidentified. Methods:Weundertookacomprehensivesearchofmultipledatabasesencompassingmedicalliterature,news articles,andcongressionalrecordstoattempttoidentifysourcesforthequote. Results:Nosourceofthequotewasidentified.However,atrailofsourcedocumentswasidentifiedthatclearly servesasthebasisforsubsequent,incorrectattributionofthequotetoDr.Stewart.Inmultiplesourcedocuments, Dr.Stewartmadestatementstotheoppositeeffect,clearlyrecognizingthatinfectiousdiseaseshadnotbeen conquered.Theurbanlegendwascreatedbyacombinationoflackofprimarywitnessestotheoriginatingspeech, misunderstandingofpointsmadebyDr.Stewartinthespeech,andincreasingsocietalconcernaboutemerging andre-emerginginfectiousdiseases. Conclusions:AttributiontoDr.Stewartofabeliefthatitwastimetoclosethebookoninfectiousdiseasesisan urbanlegend;henevermadeanysuchstatement.Numerousotherverifiablesources,however,confirmthatother peopleinacademiaadoptedthisbelief.Dr.Stewartshouldnolongerbecitedinthisregard,andshouldbe replacedwithverifiablesources. Keywords:WilliamH.Stewart,Urbanlegend,Historyofantibiotics,Antibioticdevelopment,Antibioticcrisis, Publicpolicy Multilingualabstracts Generalfrom1965-1969[1].Amonghismanyimportant Please see Additional file 1 for translations of the accomplishments were his dogged spearheading of anti- abstract into the six official working languages of the tobacco campai