Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence 英文参考文献.docVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 861-885; doi:10.3390/v3060861 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence Dustin Edwards, Claudio Fenizia, Heather Gold, Maria Fernanda de Castro-Amarante, Cody Buchmann, Cynthia A. Pise-Masison and Genoveffa Franchini * Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: edwardsd2@ (D.E.); feniziac@ (C.F.); goldhl@ (H.G.); amarantem@ (M.F.d.C.-A.); buchmannc@ (C.B.); masisonc@ (C.A.P.-M.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: franchinig@; Tel.: +1-301-496-2386; Fax: +1-301-402-0055. Received: 13 April 2011; in revised form: 25 May 2011 / Accepted: 26 May 2011 / Published: 17 June 2011 Abstract: The 3 end of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1) genome contains four overlapping open reading frames (ORF) that encode regulatory proteins. Here, we review current knowledge of HTLV-1 orf-I and orf-II protein products. Singly spliced mRNA from orf-I encodes p12, which can be proteolytically cleaved to generate p8, while differential splicing of mRNA from orf-II results in production of p13 and p30. These proteins have been demonstrated to modulate transcription, apoptosis, host cell activation and proliferation, virus infectivity and transmission, and host immune responses. Though these proteins are not essential for virus replication in vitro, p8, p12, p13, and p30 have an important role in the establishment and maintenance of HTLV-1 infection in vivo. Keywords: human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1; HTLV-1; ORF-I; ORF-II; p8; p12; p13; p30  Viruses 2011, 3 862 1. Introduction Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus first discovered in 1980 in T-cells of a patient with c