Out of Africa A Molecular Perspective on the Introduction of Yellow Fever Virus into the Americas 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Out of Africa A Molecular Perspective on the Introduction of Yellow Fever Virus into the Americas 英文参考文献.doc

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Out of Africa A Molecular Perspective on the Introduction of Yellow Fever Virus into the Americas 英文参考文献

OutofAfrica:AMolecularPerspective ontheIntroductionofYellowFeverVirus intotheAmericas Juliet E.Bryant1,2,3,4*,Edward C.Holmes5,6,7,Alan D.T.Barrett1,2,3* 1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, 2 Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, UniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3InstituteforHumanInfectionsandImmunity,UniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston, Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4InstitutPasteur,NationalCenterforLaboratoryandEpidemiology,Vientiane,LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic,5DepartmentofBiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 6 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, UniversityPark,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,7FogartyInternationalCenter,NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Yellow fever virus (YFV) remains the cause of severe morbidity and mortality in South America and Africa. To determinetheevolutionaryhistoryofthisimportantreemergingpathogen,weperformedaphylogeneticanalysisof thelargestYFVdatasetcompiledtodate,representingtheprM/Egeneregionfrom133viralisolatessampledfrom22 countriesoveraperiodof76years.WeestimatethatthecurrentlycirculatingstrainsofYFVaroseinAfricawithinthe last 1,500 years and emerged in the Americas following the slave trade approximately 300–400 years ago. These virusesthenspreadwestwardsacrossthecontinentandpersisttheretothisdayinthejunglesofSouthAmerica.We thereforeillustratehowgenesequencedatacanbeusedtotesthypothesesofviraldispersalanddemographics,and documenttheroleofhumanmigrationinthespreadofinfectiousdisease. Citation:BryantJE,HolmesEC,BarrettADT(2007)OutofAfrica:AmolecularperspectiveontheintroductionofyellowfevervirusintotheAmericas.PLoSPathog3(5):e75. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030075 timingandmechanismbywhichYFVwasintroduced tothe Americas and whether the descendants of the earlie