Parasite Killing in Malaria Non-Vector Mosquito Anopheles culicifacies Species B Implication of Nitric Oxide Synthase Upregulation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Parasite Killing in Malaria Non-Vector Mosquito Anopheles culicifacies Species B Implication of Nitric Oxide Synthase Upregulation 英文参考文献.doc

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Parasite Killing in Malaria Non-Vector Mosquito Anopheles culicifacies Species B Implication of Nitric Oxide Synthase Upregulation 英文参考文献

ParasiteKillinginMalariaNon-VectorMosquito AnophelesculicifaciesSpeciesB:ImplicationofNitric OxideSynthaseUpregulation SonamVijay1,ManmeetRawat1,TridibesAdak2,RajnikantDixit3,NutanNanda4,HarishSrivastava5, JoginderK.Sharma6,GodavarthiB.K.S.Prasad7,ArunSharma1* 1ProteinBiochemistryandStructuralBiologyLaboratory,NationalInstituteofMalariaResearch(ICMR),Dwarka,NewDelhi,India,2VectorBiologyLaboratory,National InstituteofMalariaResearch(ICMR),Dwarka,NewDelhi,India,3HostParasiteInteractionGroup,NationalInstituteofMalariaResearch(ICMR),Dwarka,NewDelhi,India, 4Molecular Entomology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Dwarka, New Delhi, India, 5Entomology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research(ICMR)FieldUnit,CivilHospital,Nadiad,Gujarat,India,6MolecularDiagnosticsLaboratory,InstituteofCytologyandPreventiveOncology(ICMR),Noida,India, 7DepartmentofBiotechnology,JiwajiUniversity,Gwalior,India Abstract Background: Anopheles culicifacies, the main vector of human malaria in rural India, is acomplex of five sibling species. Despitebeingphylogeneticallyrelated,anaturallyselectedsubgroupspeciesBofthissiblingspeciescomplexisfoundto beapoorvectorofmalaria.Wehaveattemptedtounderstandthedifferencesbetweenvectorandnon-vectorAnopheles culicifacies mosquitoes in terms of transcriptionally activated nitric oxide synthase (AcNOS) physiologies to elucidate the mechanismofrefractoriness.Identificationofthedifferencesbetweengenesandgeneproductsthatmayimpartrefractory phenotypecanfacilitatedevelopmentofnovelmalariatransmissionblockingstrategies. Methodology/PrincipalFindings: Weconductedastudyonphylogeneticallyrelatedsusceptible(speciesA)andrefractory (species B) sibling species of An. culicifacies mosquitoes to characterize biochemical and molecular differences in AcNOS geneandgeneelementsandtheirabilitytoinhibitoocystgrowth.WedemonstratethatinspeciesB,AcNOSspecificactivity andnitrite/nitratesinmid-gutsandhaemolymphwerehigherascomparedtospeciesAafterinvasion