Parallel Loss of Plastid Introns and Their Maturase in the Genus Cuscuta 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Parallel Loss of Plastid Introns and Their Maturase in the Genus Cuscuta 英文参考文献.doc

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Parallel Loss of Plastid Introns and Their Maturase in the Genus Cuscuta 英文参考文献

ParallelLossofPlastidIntronsandTheirMaturaseinthe GenusCuscuta JoelR.McNeal1,2*,JenniferV.Kuehl3,JeffreyL.Boore3,4,JimLeebens-Mack1,ClaudeW.dePamphilis2 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America, 2Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, and InstituteofMolecularEvolutionaryGenetics,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DOEJointGenomeInstituteand LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,WalnutCreek,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4GenomeProjectSolutions,Hercules,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Plastid genome content and arrangement are highly conserved across most land plants and their closest relatives, streptophytealgae,withnearlyallplastidintronshavinginvadedthegenomeintheircommonancestoratleast450million years ago. One such intron, within the transfer RNA trnK-UUU, contains a large open reading frame that encodes a presumedintronmaturase,matK.Thisgeneismissingfromtheplastidgenomesoftwospeciesintheparasiticplantgenus Cuscuta but is found in all other published land plant and streptophyte algal plastid genomes, including that of the nonphotosyntheticangiospermEpifagusvirginianaandtwootherspeciesofCuscuta.ByexaminingmatKandplastidintron distributioninCuscuta,weaddsupporttothehypothesisthatitsnormalroleisinsplicingsevenoftheeightgroupIIA intronsinthegenome.WealsoanalyzematKnucleotidesequencesfromCuscutaspeciesandrelativesthatretainmatKto testwhetherchangesinselectivepressureinthematuraseareassociatedwithintrondeletion.Stepwiselossofmostgroup IIAintronsfromtheplastidgenomeresultsinsubstantialchangeinselectivepressurewithinthehypotheticalRNA-binding domainofmatKinbothCuscutaandEpifagus,eitherthroughevolutionfromageneralisttoaspecialistintronsplicerordue tolossofaparticularintronresponsibleformostoftheconstraintonthebindingregion.Thepossibilityofintron-specific specialization in the X-domain is implicated by evidence of positive selection on the li