Particle-Dependent Deformations of Lorentz Symmetry 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Particle-Dependent Deformations of Lorentz Symmetry 英文参考文献.doc

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Particle-Dependent Deformations of Lorentz Symmetry 英文参考文献

Symmetry2012,4,344-378;doi:10.3390/sym4030344 OPENACCESS symmetry ISSN2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Particle-DependentDeformationsofLorentzSymmetry GiovanniAmelino-Camelia DipartimentodiFisica,SapienzaUniversityandINFN,Sez.Roma1,P.leMoro2,Roma00185,Italy; E-Mail:amelino@roma1.infn.it Received:25May2012;inrevisedform:21June2012/Accepted:26June2012/ Published:3July2012 Abstract: I report results suggesting that it is possible to introduce laws of relativistic kinematics endowing different types of particles with suitably different deformed-Lorentz-symmetryproperties.Ialsoconsidersomepossibleapplicationsofthese results, among which I highlight those relevant for addressing a long-standing challenge inthedescriptionofcompositeparticles, suchasatoms, withinquantum-gravity-inspired scenarioswithPlanck-scaledeformationsofLorentzsymmetry. Someofthenewelements here introduced in the formulation of relativistic kinematics appear to also provide the startingpointforthedevelopmentofacorrespondinglynovelmathematicalformulationof spacetime-symmetryalgebras. Keywords:Lorentzsymmetry;quantumgravity;Hopfalgebras 1.Introduction One of the most active areas of quantum-gravity research over the last decade concerns the fate of Lorentz symmetry in the quantum-gravity realm (more precisely in the “quasi-Minkowski limit” ofquantumgravity, thelimitwherequantumgravityshouldreproducein?rstapproximationparticle physicsanditsspecial-relativisticproperties).Itisturningouttobeparticularlyusefultodivideallsuch studiesintothreecategories: (i)caseswhereLorentz/Poincar′esymmetryremainsunaffected;(ii)cases wheretherearedeparturesfromclassicalLorentz/Poincar′esymmetrysuchthatapreferred-framepicture arises;(iii)caseswheretherearedeparturesfromclassicalLorentz/Poincar′esymmetrybuttherelativity ofinertialframesispreserved.Thisthirdoption,whichwasproposedin [1,2],istheonethatchallenges usmoresigni?cantlyforwhatconcernsformalization. Thecaseof“brokenLorentzsymmetry”(with a preferr