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Pharmacological interventions in the treatment of the acute effects of cannabis a systematic review of literature 英文参考文献.doc

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Pharmacological interventions in the treatment of the acute effects of cannabis a systematic review of literature 英文参考文献

Crippaetal.HarmReductionJournal2012,9:7 /content/9/1/7 REVIEW OpenAccess Pharmacologicalinterventionsinthetreatmentof theacuteeffectsofcannabis:asystematicreview ofliterature JoséASCrippa1*,GuilhermeNDerenusson1,MarcosHNChagas1,ZerrinAtakan2,RocioMartín-Santos3, AntonioWZuardi1andJaimeECHallak1 Abstract Background:Cannabisintoxicationisrelatedtoanumberofphysicalandmentalhealthriskswithensuingsocial costs.However,littleattentionhasbeengiventotheinvestigationofpossiblepharmacologicalinteractionsinthis condition. Objective:Toreviewtheavailablescientificliteratureconcerningpharmacologicalinterventionsforthetreatment oftheacuteeffectsofcannabis. Methods:AsearchwasperformedonthePubmed,Lilacs,andScieloonlinedatabasesbycombiningtheterms cannabis,intoxication,psychosis,anxiety,andtreatment.Thearticlesselectedfromthissearchhadtheirreference listscheckedforadditionalpublicationsrelatedtothetopicofthereview. Results:Thereviewedarticlesconsistedofcasereportsandcontrolledclinicaltrialsandarepresentedaccording tointerventionstargetingthephysiological,psychiatric,andcognitivesymptomsprovokedbycannabis.The pharmacologicalinterventionsreportedinthesestudiesinclude:beta-blockers,antiarrhythmicagents,antagonists ofCB-1andGABA-benzodiazepinereceptors,antipsychotics,andcannabidiol. Conclusion:Althoughscarce,theevidenceonpharmacologicalinterventionsforthemanagementofcannabis intoxicationsuggeststhatpropanololandrimonabantarethemosteffectivecompoundscurrentlyavailableto treatthephysiologicalandsubjectiveeffectsofthedrug.Furtherstudiesarenecessarytoestablishthereal effectivenessofthesetwomedications,aswellastheeffectivenessofothercandidatecompoundstocounteract theeffectsofcannabisintoxication,suchascannabidiolandflumazenil. Keywords:cannabis,intoxication,acuteeffects,psychosis,anxiety,pharmacologicaltreatment Introduction At the same time, there has been an increase in the CannabissativahasΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(Δ9-THC), numberofpatientsreportingtospecializedserviceswith isolatedinth