Proximity of food retailers to schools and rates of overweight ninth grade students an ecological study in California 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Proximity of food retailers to schools and rates of overweight ninth grade students an ecological study in California 英文参考文献.doc

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Proximity of food retailers to schools and rates of overweight ninth grade students an ecological study in California 英文参考文献

Howardetal.BMCPublicHealth2011,11:68 /1471-2458/11/68 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Proximityoffoodretailerstoschoolsandratesof overweightninthgradestudents:anecological studyinCalifornia PhilipHHoward1*,MargaretFitzpatrick1,BrianFulfrost2 Abstract Background:Theprevalenceofobesityandoverweightinyouthhasincreaseddramaticallysincethe1980s,and someresearchershypothesizethatincreasedconsumptionoflow-nutrient,energy-densefoodsisakeycontributor. Thepotentialimportanceoffoodretailersnearschoolshasreceivedincreasingattention,butpublichealth researchandpolicyhasfocusedprimarilyonfastfoodrestaurants.Lessisknownabouttherelationshipbetween overweight/obesityandothertypesofretailers.Thisstudyaimstoinvestigatethepotentialassociationsbetween nearby1)fastfoodrestaurants,2)conveniencestores,and3)supermarkets,andratesofoverweightstudentsin Californiaschools. Methods:Weexaminedtherateofoverweightninthgradestudentsinpublicschoolsin2007usinglinear regression.Thepercentageofoverweightstudentsperschoolwasdeterminedbyastaterequiredphysicalfitness test,withthreedifferentoptionsformeasuringindividualbodycomposition.Ourkeyindependentvariableswere thepresenceofthreedifferenttypesofretailerswithin800mnetworkbuffersoftheschools.Additional independentvariablesincludedschoolethnic,genderandsocioeconomiccomposition,aswellasurban/non-urban location.WeobtainedthedatafromtheCaliforniaDepartmentofEducationandESRI,Inc. Results:Thepresenceofaconveniencestorewithina10-minutewalkingdistanceofaschoolwasassociatedwith ahigherrateofoverweightstudentsthanschoolswithoutnearbyconveniencestores,aftercontrollingforall school-levelvariablesintheregression(1.2%,95%confidenceinterval0.03,2.36).Nearbyfastfoodrestaurantsand supermarkets,however,werenotassociatedwithschoolratesofoverweightstudents. Conclusions:Publichealthresearchersandpolicy-makersinterestedinthefoodenvironmentsoutsideschools shouldexpandtheirrecentfocusonnearbyfastfoodrestaurantstoincludeconveniencestores,whichmayalso beimportantsourcesoflow-nutrien