Quantifying Rates of Evolutionary Adaptation in Response to Ocean Acidification 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantifying Rates of Evolutionary Adaptation in Response to Ocean Acidification 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantifying Rates of Evolutionary Adaptation in Response to Ocean Acidification 英文参考文献

QuantifyingRatesofEvolutionaryAdaptationin ResponsetoOceanAcidification JenniferM.Sunday1*,RyanN.Crim2,ChristopherD.G.Harley2,MichaelW.Hart1 1DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,SimonFraserUniversity,Burnaby,BritishColumbia,Canada, 2DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver, BritishColumbia,Canada Abstract Theglobalacidificationoftheearth’soceansispredictedtoimpactbiodiversityviaphysiologicaleffectsimpactinggrowth, survival,reproduction,andimmunology,leadingtochangesinspeciesabundancesandglobaldistributions.However,the degreetowhichthesechangeswillplayoutcriticallydependsontheevolutionaryrateatwhichpopulationswillrespondto naturalselectionimposedbyoceanacidification,whichremainslargelyunquantified.Herewemeasurethepotentialforan evolutionary response to ocean acidification in larval development rate in two coastal invertebrates using afull-factorial breedingdesign.WeshowthattheseaurchinspeciesStrongylocentrotusfranciscanushasvastlygreaterlevelsofphenotypic andgeneticvariationforlarvalsizeinfutureCO2conditionscomparedtothemusselspeciesMytilustrossulus.Usingthese measures we demonstrate that S. franciscanus may have faster evolutionary responses within 50 years of the onset of predicted year-2100 CO2 conditions despite having lower population turnover rates. Our comparisons suggest that informationongeneticvariation,phenotypicvariation,andkeydemographicparameters,maylendvaluableinsightinto relativeevolutionarypotentialsacrossalargenumberofspecies. Citation:SundayJM,CrimRN,HarleyCDG,HartMW(2011)QuantifyingRatesofEvolutionaryAdaptationinResponsetoOceanAcidification.PLoSONE6(8): e22881.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022881 Editor:DirkSteinke,BiodiversityInsituteofOntario-UniversityofGuelph,Canada ReceivedApril20,2011;AcceptedJuly6,2011;PublishedAugust9,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Sunday et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymediu