Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy as a Plasma Diagnostic Tool An Overview 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 6861-6900; doi:10.3390/s100706861 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy as a Plasma Diagnostic Tool: An Overview Stefan Welzel 1,3,*, Frank Hempel 1, Marko Hübner 1, Norbert Lang 1, Paul B. Davies 2 and Jürgen R?pcke 1 1 INP Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; E-Mails: hempel@inp-greifswald.de (F.H.); huebner@inp-greifswald.de (M.H.); lang@inp-greifswald.de (N.L.); roepcke@inp-greifswald.de (J.R.) 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; E-Mail: Davies pbd2@cam.ac.uk 3 Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: welzel@physik.uni-greifswald.de; Tel.: +31-40-247-3028; Fax: +31-40-245-6442. Received: 8 June 2010; in revised form: 25 June 2010 / Accepted: 10 July 2010 / Published: 16 July 2010 Abstract: The recent availability of thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave quantum and inter-band cascade lasers in the mid-infrared spectral region has led to significant improvements and new developments in chemical sensing techniques using in-situ laser absorption spectroscopy for plasma diagnostic purposes. The aim of this article is therefore two-fold: (i) to summarize the challenges which arise in the application of quantum cascade lasers in such environments, and, (ii) to provide an overview of recent spectroscopic results (encompassing cavity enhanced methods) obtained in different kinds of plasma used in both research and industry. Keywords: quantum cascade laser; infrared laser; absorption spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics; cavity enhanced spectroscopy; chemical sensing Classification: 07.57.-c, 42.55.Px, 42.62.-b, 52.70.Kz, 82.33.-z  Sensors 2010, 10 6862 1. Introduction Over the past two decades chemical sensing using las