R-Flurbiprofen Reduces Neuropathic Pain in Rodents by Restoring Endogenous Cannabinoids 英文参考文献.docVIP

R-Flurbiprofen Reduces Neuropathic Pain in Rodents by Restoring Endogenous Cannabinoids 英文参考文献.doc

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R-Flurbiprofen Reduces Neuropathic Pain in Rodents by Restoring Endogenous Cannabinoids 英文参考文献

R-FlurbiprofenReducesNeuropathicPaininRodentsby RestoringEndogenousCannabinoids PhilippBishay1.,HelmutSchmidt1.,ClaudiuMarian1,AnnettHa¨ussler1,NinaWijnvoord1 ,Simone Ziebell1,JuliaMetzner1,MarcoKoch3¤,TheklaMyrczek1,IngoBechmann2¤,RohiniKuner4 ,Michael Costigan5,FaramarzDehghani3¤,GerdGeisslinger1,IrmgardTegeder1* 1pharmazentrumfrankfurt/ZAFES,ClinicalPharmacology,Goethe-University,Frankfurt,Germany,2DepartmentofClinicalNeuroanatomy,InstituteofAnatomy,Goethe- University, Frankfurt, Germany, 3Department of Experimental Neurobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany, 4Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 5Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Anaesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: R-flurbiprofen,oneoftheenantiomersofflurbiprofenracemate,isinactivewithrespecttocyclooxygenase inhibition,butshowsanalgesicpropertieswithoutrelevanttoxicity.Itsmodeofactionisstillunclear. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:WeshowthatR-flurbiprofenreducesglutamatereleaseinthedorsalhornofthespinal cordevokedbysciaticnerveinjuryandtherebyalleviatespaininsciaticnerveinjurymodelsofneuropathicpaininratsand mice.Thisismediatedbyrestoringthebalanceofendocannabinoids(eCB),whichisdisturbedfollowingperipheralnerve injury in theDRGs, spinal cord and forebrain. The imbalance results from transcriptional adaptations of fatty acid amide hydrolase(FAAH)andNAPE-phospholipaseD,i.e.themajorenzymesinvolvedinanandamidemetabolismandsynthesis, respectively.R-flurbiprofeninhibitsFAAHactivityandnormalizesNAPE-PLDexpression.Asaconsequence,R-Flurbiprofen improvesendogenouscannabinoidmediatedeffects,indicatedbythereductionofglutamaterelease,increasedactivityof theanti-inflammatorytranscriptionfactorPPARcandattenuationofmicrogliaactivation.Antinociceptiveeffectsarelostby combinedinhibitionofCB1andCB2receptorsandpartiallyabolishedinCB1receptordeficientmice.

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