Radial and Spiral Stream Formation in Proteus mirabilis Colonies 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Radial and Spiral Stream Formation in Proteus mirabilis Colonies 英文参考文献.doc

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Radial and Spiral Stream Formation in Proteus mirabilis Colonies 英文参考文献

RadialandSpiralStreamFormationinProteusmirabilis Colonies ChuanXue1*,ElenaO.Budrene2,HansG.Othmer3 1Mathematical Biosciences Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, 2Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America, 3School of Mathematics and Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract TheentericbacteriumProteusmirabilis,whichisapathogenthatformsbiofilmsinvivo,canswarmoverhardsurfacesand formavarietyofspatialpatternsincolonies.Colonyformationinvolvestwodistinctcelltypes:swarmercellsthatdominate near the surface and the leading edge, and swimmer cells that prefer a less viscous medium, but the mechanisms underlyingpatternformationarenotunderstood.Newexperimentalinvestigationsreportedhereshowthatswimmercells in the center of the colony stream inward toward the inoculation site and in the process form many complex patterns, includingradialandspiralstreams,inadditiontopreviously-reportedconcentricrings.Thesenewobservationssuggestthat swimmersaremotileandthatindirectinteractionsbetweenthemareessentialinthepatternformation.Toexplainthese observations we develop a hybrid model comprising cell-based and continuum components that incorporates a chemotacticresponseofswimmerstoachemicaltheyproduce.Themodelpredictsthatformationofradialstreamscanbe explainedasthemodulationofthelocalattractantconcentrationbythecells,andthatthechiralityofthespiralstreams resultsfromaswimmingbiasofthecellsnearthesurfaceofthesubstrate.Thespatialpatternsgeneratedfromthemodel areinqualitativeagreementwiththeexperimentalobservations. Citation:XueC,BudreneEO,OthmerHG(2011)RadialandSpiralStreamFormationinProteusmirabilisColonies.PLoSComputBiol7(12):e1002332.doi:10.1371/ journal.pcbi.1002332 Editor:OskarHallatschek,MPIforDynamicsandSelf-OrganizationGo¨ttingen,Germany ReceivedMarch17,2011;AcceptedNovember16,2011;PublishedDecember29,2011