Ras GTPases Modulate Morphogenesis, Sporulation and Cellulase Gene Expression in the Cellulolytic Fungus Trichoderma reesei 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Ras GTPases Modulate Morphogenesis, Sporulation and Cellulase Gene Expression in the Cellulolytic Fungus Trichoderma reesei 英文参考文献.doc

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Ras GTPases Modulate Morphogenesis, Sporulation and Cellulase Gene Expression in the Cellulolytic Fungus Trichoderma reesei 英文参考文献

RasGTPasesModulateMorphogenesis,Sporulationand CellulaseGeneExpressionintheCellulolyticFungus Trichodermareesei JiweiZhang,YanmeiZhang,YaohuaZhong,YinboQu*,TianhongWang* StateKeyLaboratoryofMicrobialTechnology,SchoolofLifeScience,ShandongUniversity,Jinan,China Abstract Background:ThemodelcellulolyticfungusTrichodermareesei(teleomorphHypocreajecorina)iscapableofrespondingto environmental cues to compete for nutrients in its natural saprophytic habitat despite its genome encodes fewer degradative enzymes. Efficient signalling pathways in perception and interpretation of environmental signals are indispensableinthisprocess.RasGTPasesrepresentakindofcriticalsignalproteinsinvolvedinsignaltransductionand regulation of gene expression. In T. reesei the genome contains two Ras subfamily small GTPases TrRas1 and TrRas2 homologoustoRas1andRas2fromS.cerevisiae,buttheirfunctionsremainunknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we have investigated the roles of GTPases TrRas1 and TrRas2 during fungal morphogenesisandcellulasegeneexpression.WeshowthatbothTrRas1andTrRas2playimportantrolesinsomecellular processessuchaspolarizedapicalgrowth,hyphalbranchformation,sporulationandcAMPleveladjustment,whileTrRas1is moredominantintheseprocesses.Strikingly,wefindthatTrRas2isinvolvedinmodulationofcellulasegeneexpression. DeletionofTrRas2resultsinconsiderablydecreasedtranscriptionofcellulolyticgenesupongrowthoncellulose.Although thestraincarryingaconstitutivelyactivatedTrRas2G16V alleleexhibitsincreasedcellulasegenetranscription,thecbh1and cbh2 expression in this mutant still strictly depends on cellulose, indicating TrRas2 does not directly mediate the transmission of the cellulose signal. In addition, our data suggest that the effect of TrRas2 on cellulase gene is exerted throughregulationoftranscriptabundanceofcellulasetranscriptionfactorssuchasXyr1,buttheinfluenceisindependent ofcAMPsignallingpathway. Conclusions/Significance: Together, these findings elucidate the functions for Ra