Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies 英文参考文献.doc

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Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies 英文参考文献

Pedelietal.EnvironmentalHealth2011,10:30 /content/10/1/30 RESEARCH OpenAccess Riskassessmentofdieselexhaustandlung cancer:combininghumanandanimalstudies afteradjustmentforbiasesinepidemiological studies XanthiPedeli1,GerardHoek2andKleaKatsouyanni1* Abstract Background:Riskassessmentrequiresdose-responsedatafortheevaluationoftherelationshipbetweenexposure toanenvironmentalstressorandtheprobabilityofdevelopinganadversehealtheffect.Informationfromhuman studiesisusuallylimitedandadditionalresultsfromanimalstudiesareoftenneededfortheassessmentofrisksin humans.Combinationofriskestimatesrequiresanassessmentandcorrectionoftheimportantbiasesinthetwo typesofstudies.Inthispaperweaimtoillustrateaquantitativeapproachtocombiningdatafromhumanand animalstudiesafteradjustingforbiasinhumanstudies.Forourpurposeweusetheexampleoftheassociation betweenexposuretodieselexhaustandoccurrenceoflungcancer. Methods:Firstly,weidentifyandadjustforthemainsourcesofsystematicerrorinselectedhumanstudiesofthe associationbetweenoccupationalexposuretodieselexhaustandoccurrenceoflungcancer.Evidencefrom selectedanimalstudiesisalsoaccountedforbyextrapolatingtoaverageambient,occupationalexposure concentrationsofdieselexhaust.Inasecondstage,thebiasadjustedeffectestimatesarecombinedinacommon effectmeasurethroughmeta-analysis. Results:Therandom-effectspooledestimate(RR)forexposuretodieselexhaustvs.non-exposurewasfound1.37 (95%C.I.:1.08-1.65)inanimalstudiesand1.59(95%C.I.:1.09-2.10)inhumanstudies,whilsttheoverallwasfound equalto1.49(95%C.I.:1.21-1.78)withagreatercontributionfromhumanstudies.Withoutbiasadjustmentin humanstudies,thepooledeffectestimatewas1.59(95%C.I.:1.28-1.89). Conclusions:Adjustmentforthemainsourcesofuncertaintyproducedlowerriskestimatesshowingthatignoring biasleadstoriskestimatespotentiallybiasedupwards. Background (NRC)in1983[1].Theframeworkdistinguisheshazard Riskassessmentisofprincipalimportanceinthedeter- identification, dose-response assessment, exposure minationofappropriateint