Counteracting Roles of AMP Deaminase and AMP Kinase in the Development of Fatty Liver 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Counteracting Roles of AMP Deaminase and AMP Kinase in the Development of Fatty Liver 英文参考文献.doc

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Counteracting Roles of AMP Deaminase and AMP Kinase in the Development of Fatty Liver 英文参考文献

CounteractingRolesofAMPDeaminaseandAMPKinase intheDevelopmentofFattyLiver MiguelA.Lanaspa1*¤,ChristinaCicerchi1,GabrielaGarcia1,NanxingLi1,CarlosA.Roncal-Jimenez1, ChristopherJ.Rivard1,BrandiHunter1,AnaAndre′s-Hernando1,TakujiIshimoto1,LauraG.Sa′nchez- Lozada1,JeffreyThomas1,RobertS.Hodges2,ColinT.Mant2,RichardJJohnson1 1DivisionofRenalDiseasesandHypertension,UniversityofColorado-Denver,Aurora,Colorado,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecular Genetics,UniversityofColorado-Denver,Aurora,Colorado,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) is associated with nucleotide turnover, loss of ATP and generation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP). It is well known that in fatty liver, activity of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is reduced and thatitsstimulationcanpreventhepaticsteatosisbybothenhancingfatoxidationandreducinglipogenesis.Hereweshow thatanotherAMPdependentenzyme,AMPD2,hasopposingeffectsonfattyacidoxidationwhencomparedtoAMPK.In human hepatocytres, AMPD2 activation –either by overexpression or by lowering intracellular phosphate levels with fructose-isassociatedwithasignificantreductioninAMPKactivity.Likewise,silencingofAMPKspontaneouslyincreases AMPDactivity,demonstratingthattheseenzymescounter-regulateeachother.Furthermore,weshowthatadownstream productofAMPmetabolismthroughAMPD2,uricacid,caninhibitAMPKactivityinhumanhepatocytes.Finally,weshow that fructose-induced fat accumulation in hepatocytes is due to a dominant stimulation of AMPD2 despite stimulating AMPK. In this regard, AMPD2-deficient hepatocytes demonstrate a further activation of AMPK after fructose exposure in association with increased fatty acid oxidation, and conversely silencing AMPK enhances AMPD-dependent fat accumulation.Invivo,weshowthatsucrosefedratsalsodevelopfattyliverthatisblockedbymetformininassociation withbothareductioninAMPDactivityandanincreaseinAMPKactivity.Insummary,AMPDandAMPKarebothimportant in hepatic fat accumulation and counter-regulat