Remote Electrical Stimulation by Means of Implanted Rectifiers 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Remote Electrical Stimulation by Means of Implanted Rectifiers 英文参考文献.doc

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Remote Electrical Stimulation by Means of Implanted Rectifiers 英文参考文献

RemoteElectricalStimulationbyMeansofImplanted Rectifiers AntoniIvorra* DepartmentofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies,UniversitatPompeuFabra,Barcelona,Spain Abstract Miniaturization of active implantable medical devices is currently compromised by the available means for electrically poweringthem.Mostcommonenergysupplytechniquesforimplants–batteriesandinductivecouplers–comprisebulky partswhich,inmostcases,aresignificantlylargerthanthecircuitrytheyfeed.Here,forovercomingsuchminiaturization bottleneckinthecaseofimplantsforelectricalstimulation,itisproposedtomakethoseimplantsactasrectifiersofhigh frequencyburstssuppliedbyremoteelectrodes.Inthisway,lowfrequencycurrentswillbegeneratedlocallyaroundthe implantandtheselowfrequencycurrentswillperformstimulationofexcitabletissueswhereasthehighfrequencycurrents will cause only innocuous heating. The present study numerically demonstrates that low frequency currents capable of stimulationcanbeproducedbyaminiaturedevicebehavingasadiodewhenhighfrequencycurrents,neithercapableof thermal damage nor of stimulation, flow through the tissue where the device is implanted. Moreover, experimental evidenceisprovidedbyaninvivoproofofconceptmodelconsistingofananesthetizedearthworminwhichacommercial diode was implanted. With currently available microelectronic techniques, very thin stimulation capsules (diameter ,500mm)deliverablebyinjectionareeasilyconceivable. Citation:IvorraA(2011)RemoteElectricalStimulationbyMeansofImplantedRectifiers.PLoSONE6(8):e23456.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023456 Editor:BorisRubinsky,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJuly11,2011;AcceptedJuly18,2011;PublishedAugust5,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Antoni Ivorra. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisauthor’sresearchiscurrentlysupportedbyaRamo′nyCaja