Role of the gerP Operon in Germination and Outgrowth of Bacillus anthracis Spores 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Role of the gerP Operon in Germination and Outgrowth of Bacillus anthracis Spores 英文参考文献.doc

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Role of the gerP Operon in Germination and Outgrowth of Bacillus anthracis Spores 英文参考文献

RoleofthegerPOperoninGerminationandOutgrowth ofBacillusanthracisSpores KatherineA.Carr,BrianK.Janes,PhilipC.Hanna* DepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunology,UniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract GerminationofBacillusanthracissporesoccurswhennutrientssuchasaminoacidsorpurinenucleosidesstimulatespecific germinant receptors located in the spore inner membrane. The gerPABCDEF operon has been suggested to play a role in facilitating the interaction between germinants and their receptors in spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. B. anthracismutantscontainingdeletionsineachofthesixgenesbelongingtotheorthologueofthegerPABCDEF operon,or deletionoftheentireoperon,weretestedfortheirabilitytogerminate.DeletionoftheentiregerPoperonresultedina significantdelayingerminationinresponsetonutrientgerminants.Thesesporeseventuallygerminatedtolevelsequivalent towild-type,suggestingthatanadditionalentrypointfornutrientgerminantsmayexist.Deletionsofeachindividualgene resulted in a similar phenotype, with the exception of DgerPF, which showed no obvious defect. The removal of two additionalgerPF-likeorthologueswasnecessarytoachievethegerminationdefectobservedfortheothermutants.Upon physical removal of the spore coat, the mutant lacking the full gerP operon no longer exhibited a germination defect, suggestingthattheGerPproteinsplayaroleinsporecoatpermeability.Additionally,eachofthegerPmutantsexhibiteda severedefectincalcium-dipicolinicacid(Ca-DPA)–dependentgermination,suggestingarolefortheGerPproteinsinthis process.Collectively,thesedataimplicateallGerPproteinsintheearlystagesofsporegermination. Citation: Carr KA, Janes BK, Hanna PC (2010) Role of the gerP Operon in Germination and Outgrowth of Bacillus anthracis Spores. PLoS ONE 5(2): e9128. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009128 Editor:HolgerBruggemann,MaxPlanckInstituteforInfectionBiology,Germany ReceivedNovember6,2009;AcceptedJanuary21,2010;PublishedFebruary9,2010 Copyright:?2010Car