Recyclable Nanostructured Catalytic Systems in Modern Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2010, 15, 4792-4814; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Recyclable Nanostructured Catalytic Systems in Modern Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis Irina Beletskaya 1,2,* and Vladimir Tyurin 1 1 A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31, Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russia; E-Mail: tv@org.chem.msu.ru (I.B.) 2 Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3, Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: beletska@org.chem.msu.ru; Tel.: +7-495-939-3618; Fax: +7-495-939-3618. Received: 25 May 2010; in revised form: 30 June 2010 / Accepted: 5 July 2010 / Published: 8 July 2010 Abstract: Modern chemical synthesis makes heavy use of different types of catalytic systems: homogeneous, heterogeneous and nano-sized. The latter – nano-sized catalysts – have given rise in the 21st century to a rapidly developing area of research encompassing several prospects and opportunities for new technologies. Catalytic reactions ensure high regio- and stereoselectivity of chemical transformations, as well as better yields and milder reaction conditions. In recent years several novel catalytic systems were developed for selective formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds. This review presents the achievements of our team in our studies on various types of catalysts containing metal nanoparticles: palladium-containing diblock copolymer micelles; soluble palladium- containing polymers; metallides on a support; polymeric metal salts and oxides; and, in addition, metal-free organic catalysts based on soluble polymers acting as nanoreactors. Representative examples are given and discussed in light of possible applications to solve important problems in modern organic synthesis. Keywords: nanoparticles; catalysis; nanocatalysts, catalyst