Regarding the Amazing Choreography of Clathrin Coats 英文参考文献.docVIP

Primer RegardingtheAmazingChoreographyofClathrinCoats LintonM.Traub* DepartmentofCellBiologyandPhysiology,UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica Thegrowthofcontemporarycellbiologyisdueinlargepartto technologicaladvances.Inthe1950s,electronmicrographsofthin sections first provided unrivaled in situ views of the delicate intracellulararchitectureandfinestructureoforganelles,whereas new subcellular fractionation methods gave access to various biochemicalcomponents—especiallyproteins—enrichedindiffer- ent cellular fractions. A central tenet that emerged from these pioneering studies is that the intracellular biosynthetic and endocytic membrane systems of eukaryotic cells are functionally interconnected, and exchange of material between them often occurs in small (50–100nm diameter), roughly spherical mem- branoustransportvesicles.Inelectronmicrographs,thesevesicles aretypicallyseenincloseproximitytoamembranecompartment and are frequently covered on their cytosolic face with a fuzzy proteinaceous coating. Subsequent technical advances facilitated furtherdiscoveryandprogress:geneticscreensinmodelorganisms and refinement of subcellular fractionation to facilitate cell-free reconstitutionoftransportreactionsallowedtheidentificationand Atleast40differentproteinsparticipateintheconstructionofa clathrin-coatedendocyticvesicle[1,5,6].Preciselywhenandhow the many distinct proteins interact as the vesicle forms, how information is relayed, and how directionality is assured without malfunction,giventhereisnoobviouscoupledinputofenergyto instigatebudding,iscurrentlyuncertain.Also,itremainspossible that various combinations of these many factors might build structurally distinct sorting structures, perhaps associated with separable functions [7–10]. Some empirical evidence for this actuallyexists:electronmicrographsshowbothisolated,100-nm diameter clathrin-coated buds as well as large expanses of apparently planar clathrin lattice at