Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Router Chip 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 909-921; doi:10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Router Chip Selcuk Okdem* and Dervis Karaboga Erciyes University, Engineering Faculty, Computer Engineering Department, 38039, Kayseri, TR, Turkey; E-Mail: karaboga@.tr * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: okdem@.tr; Tel.: +90- 352-4374901/32527; Fax: +90-352-4375784 Received: 25 November 2008; in revised form: 27 January 2009 / Accepted: 11 February 2009 / Published: 13 February 2009 Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks consisting of nodes with limited power are deployed to gather useful information from the field. In WSNs it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient manner. Ant Colony Optimization, a swarm intelligence based optimization technique, is widely used in network routing. A novel routing approach using an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is proposed for Wireless Sensor Networks consisting of stable nodes. Illustrative examples, detailed descriptions and comparative performance test results of the proposed approach are included. The approach is also implemented to a small sized hardware component as a router chip. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm provides promising solutions allowing node designers to efficiently operate routing tasks. Keywords: Wireless sensor networks, routing, ant colony optimization. 1. Introduction Due to advances in low-power wireless communications, low-power analog and digital electronics, the development of low-cost and low-power sensor nodes that are small in size has received increasing attention. Sensor nodes have the ability to sense the environment nearby, perform simple computations and communicate in a small region. Although their capacities are limited, combining these small sensors in large numbers