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Runaway repeats force expansion of the Phytophthora infestans genome 英文参考文献
Minireview
Runaway repeats force expansion of the Phytophthora infestans
genome
Mark Gijzen
Address: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada. Email: mark.gijzen@agr.gc.ca
assume a close ancestry and to classify them together, as
all textbooks did until recently. But it was also clear that
oomycetes and fungi have fundamental differences, such
as in the make-up of their cell walls, the flagellation of their
spores and their methods of sexual reproduction.
Abstract
Sequencing of the genome of the potato late blight pathogen
Phytophthora infestans provides insight into genome structure
and evolution within this genus of plant pathogenic oomycetes.
Parasitic organisms that rely on hosts to complete their life
DNA-sequence-based
phylogenies
have
drastically
cycles
face
unstable
and
rapidly
changing
selective
reorganized the classification of eukaryotes and deeply
separated the fungal and oomycete lineages [2]. True fungi
are unikonts (any flagellated cells have only one flagellum)
and are related to animals, whereas oomycetes are hetero-
konts (flagellated cells generally have two flagella, of
different types) and belong to the chromalveolates. From a
phylogenetic perspective the two groups of organisms are
about as different as they could be (Figure 1). Despite this
early bifurcation, which occurred at the initial stages of
eukaryote radiation hundreds of millions of years ago, the
fungi and the oomycetes have completed an evolutionary
journey that has taken them to the same destination. This
is especially true for the plant pathogenic types, which have
grown to resemble each other in appearance and biology to
a remarkable degree. Their filamentous and osmotrophic
growth mode, with dissemination by spores, and their sub-
specialization into necrotrophic, biotrophic and hemi-
pressure
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