RoPEUS A New Robust Algorithm for Static Positioning in Ultrasonic Systems 英文参考文献.docVIP

RoPEUS A New Robust Algorithm for Static Positioning in Ultrasonic Systems 英文参考文献.doc

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RoPEUS A New Robust Algorithm for Static Positioning in Ultrasonic Systems 英文参考文献

Sensors2009,9,4211-4229;doi:10.3390/OPENACCESS sensors ISSN1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article RoPEUS:ANewRobustAlgorithmforStaticPositioningin UltrasonicSystems Jos′eCarlosPrieto 1,?,ChristopheCroux 2 andAntonioRam′onJim′enez 1 1 LOPSIgroup,InstitutodeAutom′aticaIndustrial,ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigacionesCient′??cas (CSIC),Ctra.CampoRealKm0.200,28500LaPoveda-ArgandadelRey,Madrid,Spain; E-mail:arjimenez@iai.csic.es(A.R.J.) 2 FacultyofBusinessandEconomics,K.U.Leuven,Naamsestraat69,3000Leuven,Belgium; E-mail:christophe.croux@econ.kuleuven.be(C.C.) ? Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-mail:cprieto@iai.csic.es;Tel.:(+34)91871 1900;Fax:(+34)918717050 Received:8April2009;inrevisedform:6May2009/Accepted:14May2009/ Published:3June2009 Abstract: Awellknownproblemforprecisepositioninginrealenvironmentsisthepres- enceofoutliersinthemeasurementsample.Itsimportanceisevenbiggerinultrasoundbased systems since this technology needs a direct line of sight between emitters and receivers. Standardtechniquesforoutlierdetectioninrangebasedsystemsdonotusuallyemployro- bustalgorithms,failingwhenmultipleoutliersarepresent.Thedirectapplicationofstandard robustregressionalgorithmsfailsinstaticpositioning(whereonlythecurrentmeasurement sampleisconsidered)inrealultrasoundbasedsystemsmainlyduetothelimitednumberof measurementsandthegeometryeffects. Thispaperpresentsanewrobustalgorithm,called RoPEUS,basedonMMestimation,thatfollowsatypicaltwo-stepstrategy:1)ahighbreak- down point algorithm to obtain a clean sample, and 2) a re?nement algorithm to increase theaccuracyofthesolution. Themainmodi?cationsproposedtothestandardMMrobust algorithmareabuiltincheckofpartialsolutionsinthe?rststep(rejectingbadgeometries) andtheoff-linecalculationofthescaleofthemeasurements.Thealgorithmistestedwithreal samplesobtainedwiththe3D-LOCUSultrasoundlocalizationsysteminanidealenvironment withoutobstacles.Thesemeasurementsarecorruptedwithtypicaloutlyingpatternstonumer- icallyevaluatethealgorit

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