Selection against Aerial Dispersal in Ants Two Non-Flying Queen Phenotypes in Pogonomyrmex laticeps 英文参考文献.docVIP

SelectionagainstAerialDispersalinAnts:TwoNon- FlyingQueenPhenotypesinPogonomyrmexlaticeps ChristianPeeters1*,RobertoA.Keller2,RobertA.Johnson3 1Laboratoire Ecologie Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique unite′ 7625, Universite′ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 2Instituto Gulbenkian de Cie?ncia,RuadaQuintaGrande,Oeiras,Portugal,3SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract TheSouthAmericanseed-harvesterantPogonomyrmexlaticepshasdimorphicqueens:ergatoid(permanentlywingless)and brachypterous(short,non-functionalwings).SurveysinwesternArgentinaindicatedthatcoloniesnearChilecito,LaRioja Province,producedonlyergatoid queens,while thosenearPuntaBalasto,CatamarcaProvince(263kmaway),produced only brachypterous queens. Brachypterous queens were significantly larger than ergatoid queens for 10 of 11 external characters, but both phenotypes had comparable reproductive potential, i.e., a spermatheca and a similar number of ovarioles. Using normal winged queens of the closely related P. uruguayensis for comparison, we determined that both queenphenotypesinP.laticepshadafullsetofdorsalthoracicsclerites,albeiteachscleritewasmuchreduced,whereas workers hada thorax without distinct dorsal sclerites. Sclerites were fusedand immobile in ergatoid queens,while they wereseparableandfullyarticulatedinbrachypterousqueens.Bothphenotypeslackedthebigindirectflightmuscles,but brachypterous queens retained the tiny direct flight muscles. Overall, this dimorphism across populations indicates that there are alternative solutions to selective pressures against flying queens. We lack field data about colony founding strategy(independentordependent)foreitherqueenphenotype,butcoloniesatbothsitesproducednumerousgynes, andweinferthatallfoundressesinitiatecoloniesindependentlyandareobligateforagers. Citation:PeetersC,KellerRA,JohnsonRA(2012)SelectionagainstAerialDispersalinAnts:TwoNon-FlyingQueenPhenotypesinPogonomyrmexlaticeps .PLoS