Selection Acts on DNA Secondary Structures to Decrease Transcriptional Mutagenesis 英文参考文献.docVIP

SelectionActsonDNASecondaryStructures toDecreaseTranscriptionalMutagenesis Claire Hoede, Erick Denamur, Olivier Tenaillon* INSERMU722andUniversite′ Paris7—DenisDiderot,Faculte′ deMe′decine, SiteXavierBichat,Paris,France Single-strandedDNAismoresubjecttomutationthandoublestranded.Duringtranscription,DNAistransientlysingle strandedandthereforesubjecttohighermutagenesis.However,iflocalintra-strandsecondarystructuresareformed, some bases will be paired and therefore less sensitive to mutation than unpaired bases. Using complete genome sequencesofEscherichiacoli,weshowthatlocalintra-strandsecondarystructurescan,asaconsequence,beusedto define an index of transcription-driven mutability. At gene level, we show that natural selection has favoured a reduced transcription-driven mutagenesis via the higher than expected frequency of occurrence of intra-strand secondarystructures.Suchselectionisstrongerinhighlyexpressedgenesandsuggestsasequence-dependentwayto controlmutationratesandanovelformofselectionaffectingtheevolutionofsynonymousmutations. Citation:HoedeC,DenamurE,TenaillonO(2006)SelectionactsonDNAsecondarystructurestodecreasetranscriptionalmutagenesis.PLoSGenet2(11):e176.doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.0020176 errorsaftertheyhavealreadyoccurred.Geneexpressionlevel has already been shown to impact genome evolution as it Introduction DNA mutation results from a combination of chemical alterations of nucleotides and base mis-incorporation (sto- chastic or damage-driven) by DNA polymerases [1]. The spontaneous rate of mutation is not homogenous along the wholechromosome.Basecompositionandsequence-speci?c biasesinmutationratesexist,e.g.,tractsofguaninefacilitate polymeraseslippage[1],andmutationsfromGCtoATbase pairs tend to be prevalent [2]. Temporal variations in mutation rate also exist: while being transcribed, DNA is transiently single stranded and its bases are therefore much more sensitive to chemical alterations [3,4]. Recently, temporal and sequence-speci?c variatio