Signature of a Pre-Human Population Decline in the Critically Endangered Reunion Island Endemic Forest Bird Coracina newtoni 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Signature of a Pre-Human Population Decline in the Critically Endangered Reunion Island Endemic Forest Bird Coracina newtoni 英文参考文献.doc

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Signature of a Pre-Human Population Decline in the Critically Endangered Reunion Island Endemic Forest Bird Coracina newtoni 英文参考文献

SignatureofaPre-HumanPopulationDeclineinthe CriticallyEndangeredReunionIslandEndemicForest BirdCoracinanewtoni JordiSalmona1,3*,MarcSalamolard1,2,DamienFouillot1,ThomasGhestemme1,JerryLarose1 ,Jean- Franc?oisCenton1,VitorSousa3,DeborahA.Dawson4,ChristopheThebaud5,Loune`sChikhi3,5,6 1Socie′te′ d’Etudes Ornithologiques deLa Re′union (SEOR), St Andre′,Ile deLaRe′union, France,2Parc National deLa Re′union, Saint Denis, Ilede LaRe′union, France, 3InstitutoGulbenkiandeCie?nca,Oeiras,Portugal,4DepartmentofAnimalandPlantSciences,UniversityofSheffield,Sheffield,UnitedKingdom,5LaboratoireEvolution andDiversite′ Biologique,Universite′ PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France,6Universite′ deToulouse;Toulouse,France Abstract TheexceptionalbiodiversityofReunionIslandisthreatenedbyanthropogeniclandscapechangesthattookplaceduring the 350years of human colonization. During this period the human population size increased dramatically from 250 to 800,000.Thearrivalofhumanstogetherwiththedevelopmentofagriculture,invasivespeciessuchasratsandcats,and deforestationhasleadtotheextinctionofmorethanhalfoftheoriginalvertebratespeciesoftheisland.Fortheremaining species,significantworkisbeingcarriedouttoidentifythreatsandconservationstatus,butlittlegeneticworkhasbeen carriedonsomeofthemostendangeredspecies.Inthelastdecadetheoreticalstudieshaveshowntheabilityofneutral geneticmarkerstoinferthedemographichistoryofendangeredspeciesandidentifyanddatepastpopulationsizechanges (expansionsorbottlenecks).InthisstudyweprovidethefirstgeneticdataonthecriticallyendangeredspeciestheReunion cuckoo-shrikeCoracinanewtoni.TheReunioncuckoo-shrikeisarareendemicforestbirdsurvivinginarestricted12-km2 areaofforesteduplandsandmountains.Thetotalknownpopulationconsistsoflessthanonehundredindividualsoutof which45weregenotypedusingseventeenpolymorphicmicrosatelliteloci.Wefoundalimitedlevelofgeneticvariability andweakpopulationstructure,probablyduetothelimitedgeographicdistribution.UsingBayesianmethods,weidentified astrongdecline