Signature Optical Cues Emerging Technologies for Monitoring Plant Health 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2008, 8, 3205-3239; DOI: 10.3390/s8053205 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /sensors Review Signature Optical Cues: Emerging Technologies for Monitoring Plant Health Oi Wah Liew 1,*, Pek Ching Jenny Chong 1, Bingqing Li 2 and Anand K. Asundi 2 1 Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, Singapore 139651 2 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 65 Fax: 65 E-mail: OWLiew@.sg Received: 29 February 2008 / Accepted: 13 May 2008 / Published: 16 May 2008 Abstract: Optical technologies can be developed as practical tools for monitoring plant health by providing unique spectral signatures that can be related to specific plant stresses. Signatures from thermal and fluorescence imaging have been used successfully to track pathogen invasion before visual symptoms are observed. Another approach for non- invasive plant health monitoring involves elucidating the manner with which light interacts with the plant leaf and being able to identify changes in spectral characteristics in response to specific stresses. To achieve this, an important step is to understand the biochemical and anatomical features governing leaf reflectance, transmission and absorption. Many studies have opened up possibilities that subtle changes in leaf reflectance spectra can be analyzed in a plethora of ways for discriminating nutrient and water stress, but with limited success. There has also been interest in developing transgenic phytosensors to elucidate plant status in relation to environmental conditions. This approach involves unambiguous signal creation whereby genetic modification to generate reporter plants has resulted in distinct optical signals emitted in response to specific stressors. Most of these studies are limited to laboratory