Silencing, Positive Selection and Parallel Evolution Busy History of Primate Cytochromes c 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Silencing, Positive Selection and Parallel Evolution Busy History of Primate Cytochromes c 英文参考文献.doc

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Silencing, Positive Selection and Parallel Evolution Busy History of Primate Cytochromes c 英文参考文献

Silencing,PositiveSelectionandParallelEvolution:Busy HistoryofPrimateCytochromesc DenisPierron1,2,JuanC.Opazo1,3,MargitHeiske4,ZackPapper1,MonicaUddin1,5,GopiChand1,2 , DerekE.Wildman1,2,6,RobertoRomero1,2,MorrisGoodman1,7{,LawrenceI.Grossman1* 1CenterforMolecularMedicineandGenetics,WayneStateUniversity,SchoolofMedicine,Detroit,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2PerinatologyResearchBranch, National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, 3Instituto de Ecologia y Evolucion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 4Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, INSERM, Universite′ Victor SegalenBordeaux2,Bordeaux,France,5SchoolofPublicHealth,TheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6DepartmentOfObstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, 7Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University,SchoolofMedicine,Detroit,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Cytochromec(cytc)participatesintwocrucialcellularprocesses,energyproductionandapoptosis,andunsurprisinglyisa highlyconservedprotein.However,previousstudieshavereportedfortheprimatelineage(i)lossoftheparalogoustestis isoform,(ii)anaccelerationandthenadecelerationoftheaminoacidreplacementrateofthecytcsomaticisoform,and(iii) atypicalbiochemicalbehaviorofhumancytc.Togaininsightintothecauseofthesemajorevolutionaryevents,wehave retracedthehistoryofcytclociamongprimates.Fortestiscytc,allprimatesequencesexaminedcarrythesamenonsense mutation,whichsuggeststhatsilencingoccurredbeforetheprimatesdiversified.Forsomaticcytc,maximumparsimony, maximumlikelihood,andBayesianphylogeneticanalysesyieldedthesametreetopology.Theevolutionaryanalysesshow that a fast accumulation of non-synonymous mutations (suggesting positive selection) occurred specifically on the anthropoidlineagerootandthencontinuedinparalle