Smart Skin Patterns Protect Springtails 英文参考文献.docVIP

SmartSkinPatternsProtectSpringtails RalfHelbig1,JuliaNickerl2,ChristophNeinhuis2,3,CarstenWerner1,3 * 1MaxBergmannCentreofBiomaterials,LeibnizInstituteofPolymerResearchDresden,Dresden,Germany,2InstituteofBotany,TechnischeUniversita¨tDresden,Dresden, Germany,3BCUBEInnovationCentreforMolecularBioengineering,TechnischeUniversita¨t Dresden,Dresden,Germany Abstract Springtails, arthropods who live in soil, in decaying material, and on plants, have adapted to demanding conditions by evolvingextremelyeffectiveandrobustanti-adhesiveskinpatterns.However,detailsoftheseuniquepropertiesandtheir structuralbasisarestillunknown.Herewedemonstratethatcollembolanskincanresistwettingbymanyorganicliquids and at elevated pressures. We show that the combination of bristles and a comb-like hexagonal or rhombic mesh of interconnectednanoscopicgranulesdistinguishtheskinofspringtailsfromanti-adhesiveplantsurfaces.Furthermore,the negativeoverhangintheprofileoftheridgesandgranuleswererevealedtobeahighlyeffective,butasyetneglected, designprincipleofcollembolanskin.Wesuggestanexplanationforthenon-wettingcharacteristicsofsurfacesconsistingof such profiles irrespective of the chemical composition. Many valuable opportunities arise from the translation of the describedcomb-likepatternsandoverhangingprofilesofcollembolanskinintoman-madesurfacesthatcombinestability againstwearandfrictionwithsuperiornon-wettingandanti-adhesivecharacteristics. Citation:HelbigR,NickerlJ,NeinhuisC,WernerC(2011)SmartSkinPatternsProtectSpringtails.PLoSONE6(9):e25105.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025105 Editor:RichardHaverkamp,MasseyUniversity,NewZealand ReceivedJuly4,2011;AcceptedAugust23,2011;PublishedSeptember30,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Helbig et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisworkwasfinancedbyinstitutionalfundsofthea