Social Evaluation or Simple Association Simple Associations May Explain Moral Reasoning in Infants 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Social Evaluation or Simple Association Simple Associations May Explain Moral Reasoning in Infants 英文参考文献.doc

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Social Evaluation or Simple Association Simple Associations May Explain Moral Reasoning in Infants 英文参考文献

SocialEvaluationorSimpleAssociation?Simple AssociationsMayExplainMoralReasoninginInfants DamianScarf*,KanaImuta,MichaelColombo,HarleneHayne DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofOtago,Dunedin,NewZealand Abstract Arewebornamoralordowecomeintothisworldwitharudimentarymoralcompass?Hamlinandcolleaguesarguethatat leastonecomponentofourmoralsystem,theabilitytoevaluateotherindividualsasgoodorbad,ispresentfromanearly age.Intheirstudy,6-and10-month-oldinfantswatchedtwosocialinteractions-inone,infantsobservedthehelperassist theclimberachievethegoalofascendingahill,whileintheother,infantsobservedthehindererpreventtheclimberfrom ascendingthehill.Whengivenachoice,thevastmajorityofinfantspickedthehelperoverthehinderer,suggestingthat infantsevaluatedthehelperasgoodandthehindererasbad.Hamlinandcolleaguesconcludedthattheabilitytoevaluate individualsbasedonsocialinteractionisinnate.Here,weprovideevidencethattheirfindingsreflectsimpleassociations ratherthansocialevaluations. Citation:ScarfD,ImutaK,ColomboM,HayneH(2012)SocialEvaluationorSimpleAssociation?SimpleAssociationsMayExplainMoralReasoninginInfants.PLoS ONE7(8):e42698.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042698 Editor:MichelBotbol,UniversityofWesternBrittany,France ReceivedMarch31,2012;AcceptedJuly9,2012;PublishedAugust8,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Scarf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Noexternalfundingwasreceivedforthisstudy. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:damianscarf@ Introduction alsoassociatedwiththemoresalientandpositivebouncingevent. In contrast, the hinderer is viewed as negative because it is only associated with the aversive collision event. In the present experiments, we test our alternative account by pitting Hamlin et al.’s [1] social evaluation hypothesis against an alternative, simp