Social Interactions in Myxobacterial Swarming 英文参考文献.docVIP

SocialInteractionsinMyxobacterialSwarming Yilin Wu1,2,YiJiang3,Dale Kaiser4,Mark Alber1,2,5* 1DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofNotreDame,NotreDame,Indiana,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2CenterfortheStudyofBiocomplexity,UniversityofNotreDame,Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, 3 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, 4 Department of Biochemistry,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica5DepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofNotreDame,NotreDame,Indiana,UnitedStates ofAmerica, Swarming,acollectivemotionofmanythousandsofcells,producescoloniesthatrapidlyspreadoversurfaces.Inthis paper,weintroduceacell-basedmodeltostudyhowinteractionsbetweenneighboringcellsfacilitateswarming.We chosetostudyMyxococcusxanthus,aspeciesofmyxobacteria,becauseitswarmsrapidlyandhaswell-definedcell–cell interactions mediated by type IV pili and by slime trails. The aim of this paper is to test whether the cell contact interactions, which are inherent in pili-based S motility and slime-based A motility, are sufficient to explain the observedexpansionofwild-typeswarms.Thesimulationsyieldaconstantrateofswarmexpansion,whichhasbeen observedexperimentally.Also,themodelisabletoquantifythecontributionsofSmotilityandAmotilitytoswarming. Somepathogenicbacteriaspreadoverinfectedtissuebyswarming.Themodeldescribedheremayshedsomelighton theircolonizationprocess. Citation:WuY,JiangY,KaiserD,AlberM(2007)Socialinteractionsinmyxobacterialswarming.PLoSComputBiol3(12):e253.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030253 for2wk.Althoughthebacteriaaregrowing(andinfactthey mustgrowtoswarm),90%oftheswarmexpansionrateisdue Introduction Bacterial swarming, a coordinated motion of many bacterial cells, facilitates their spread on the surface of a solid medium, like agar [1]. Swarming may have evolved to permit the bacteria in a colony to expand their access to nutrients from the subsurface and to oxygen from above. Whenthesurfaceisatissueinalivehost