Social Transmission and the Spread of Modern Contraception in Rural Ethiopia 英文参考文献.docVIP

SocialTransmissionandtheSpreadofModern ContraceptioninRuralEthiopia AlexandraAlvergne1*,MhairiA.Gibson2,EshetuGurmu3,RuthMace1 1DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityCollegeLondon(UCL),London,UnitedKingdom,2DepartmentofArchaeologyandAnthropology,UniversityofBristol,Bristol, UnitedKingdom,3InstituteofPopulationStudies,CollegeofDevelopmentStudies,AddisAbabaUniversity,AddisAbaba,Ethiopia Abstract Socio-economic development has proven to be insufficient to explain the time and pace of the human demographic transition.Shiftstolowfertilitynormshavethusbeenthoughttoresultfromsocialdiffusion,yettodate,micro-levelstudies arelimitedandareoftenunabletodisentangletheeffectofsocialtransmissionfromthatofextrinsicfactors.Weuseddata whichincludedthefirsteveruseofmoderncontraceptionamongapopulationofover900womeninfourvillagesinrural Ethiopia, where contraceptive prevalence is still low (,20%). We investigated whether the time of adoption of modern contraception is predicted by (i) the proportion of ever-users/non ever-users within both women and their husbands’ friendshipsnetworksand(ii)thegeographicdistancetocontraceptiveever-users.Usingamodelcomparisonapproach,we found that individual socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. parity, education) and a religious norm are the most likely explanatoryfactorsoftemporalandspatialpatterns ofcontraceptive uptake,whiletheroleof person-to-person contact through either friendship or spatial networks remains marginal. Our study has broad implications for understanding the processesthatinitiatetransitionstolowfertilityandtheuptakeofbirthcontroltechnologiesinthedevelopingworld. Citation:AlvergneA,GibsonMA,GurmuE,MaceR(2011)SocialTransmissionandtheSpreadofModernContraceptioninRuralEthiopia.PLoSONE6(7):e22515. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022515 Editor:R.AlexanderBentley,DurhamUniversity,UnitedKingdom ReceivedMarch28,2011;AcceptedJune28,2011;PublishedJuly22,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Alvergne et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the