Stem cell transplantation for rheumatic autoimmune diseases 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/10/5/217 Review Stem cell transplantation for rheumatic autoimmune diseases Thomas Hügle1 and Jacob M van Laar2 1Department of Rheumatology, University of Basel, Felix Platter Spital, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4012 Basel, Switzerland 2Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK Corresponding author: Jacob M van Laar, j.m.van-laar@ncl.ac.uk Published: 10 October 2008 Arthritis Research Therapy 2008, 10:217 (doi:10.1186/ar2486) This article is online at /content/10/5/217 ? 2008 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract multistep treatment modality (Figure 1) followed clinical observations of remissions of AD in patients who were trans- planted for concomitant hemato-oncological conditions [5]. The immunological principles were subsequently confirmed through mechanistic studies in animal models of AD [6]. HSCT in AD was widely pioneered in the 1990s at a time when few biologicals were available to treat AD and when refractory progressive disease posed a major challenge. The introduction of effective biologicals for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has reduced the demand for intensive and toxic treatments such as HSCT. Nevertheless, clinicians still face cases of severe and life-threatening AD such as progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc), vasculitis, or SLE, refractory to conventional medication and biologicals, for whom HSCT may be a therapeutic option. Whereas biologics target one cell type or soluble cytokine only, HSCT affects all immune effector cells involved in AD, notably B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast to