Steroidal Compounds in Commercial Parenteral Lipid Emulsions 英文参考文献.docVIP

Nutrients 2012, 4, 904-921; doi:10.3390/nu4080904 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Article Steroidal Compounds in Commercial Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Zhidong Xu 1, Kevin A. Harvey 1, Thomas Pavlina 2, Guy Dutot 3, Mary Hise 2, Gary P. Zaloga 2 and Rafat A. Siddiqui 1,4,* 1 Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mails: zxu@ (Z.X.); kharvey@ (K.A.H.) 2 Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL 60015, USA; E-Mails: tom_pavlina@ (T.P.); mary_hise@ (M.H.); gary_zaloga@ (G.P.Z.) 3 Baxter SAS, Maurepas-Cedex 78311, France; E-Mail: dutot.guy@ 4 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rsiddiqu@; Tel.: +1-317-962-6941; Fax: +1-317-962-9369. Received: 14 June 2012; in revised form: 1 August 2012 / Accepted: 1 August 2012 / Published: 13 August 2012 Abstract: Parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions made from various plant oils contain steroidal compounds, called phytosterols. During parenteral administration of lipid emulsions, phytosterols can reach levels in the blood that are many fold higher than during enteral administration. The elevated phytosterol levels have been associated with the development of liver dysfunction and the rare development of liver failure. There is limited information available in the literature related to phytosterol concentrations in lipid emulsions. The objective of the current study was to validate an assay for steroidal compounds found in lipid emulsions and to compare their concentrations in the most commonly used parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions: Liposyn? II, Liposyn? III, Lipofundin? MCT, Lipofundin ? N, Structolipid ?, Intralipid?, Ivelip? and ClinOleic ?. Our data demonstrates that concentrations of the various