Superconducting Fullerene Nanowhiskers 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2012, 17, 4851-4859; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Superconducting Fullerene Nanowhiskers Hiroyuki Takeya 1,2,*, Kun’ichi Miyazawa 1, Ryoei Kato 1, Takatsugu Wakahara 1, Toshinori Ozaki 1,2, Hiroyuki Okazaki 1,2, Takahide Yamaguchi 1,2 and Yoshihiko Takano 1,2 1 National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan 2 Transformative Research Project on Iron Pnictides (TRIP), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: takeya.hiroyuki@nims.go.jp; Tel.: +81-29-859-2318; Fax: +81-29-859-2301. Received: 31 March 2012; in revised form: 12 April 2012 / Accepted: 18 April 2012 / Published: 26 April 2012 Abstract: We synthesized superconducting fullerene nanowhiskers (C60NWs) by potassium (K) intercalation. They showed large superconducting volume fractions, as high as 80%. The superconducting transition temperature at 17 K was independent of the K content (x) in the range between 1.6 and 6.0 in K-doped C60 nanowhiskers (KxC60NWs), while the superconducting volume fractions changed with x. The highest shielding fraction of a full shielding volume was observed in the material of K3.3C60NW by heating at 200 °C. On the other hand, that of a K-doped fullerene (K-C60) crystal was less than 1%. We report the superconducting behaviors of our newly synthesized KxC60NWs in comparison to those of KxC60 crystals, which show superconductivity at 19 K in K3C60. The lattice structures are also discussed, based on the x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Keywords: fullerene nanowhisker; superconductor; potassium intercalation 1. Introduction Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 [1], and the superconductivity of a potassium metal-doped fullerene was reported in 1991 [2]. Potassium metal (K)-doped fullerides KxC60 [0 ≤ x ≤ 6] are particularly