Surface Heat Balance Analysis of Tainan City on March 6, 2001 Using ASTER and Formosat-2 Data 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2008, 8, 6026-6044; DOI: 10.3390/s8096026 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /sensors Article Surface Heat Balance Analysis of Tainan City on March 6, 2001 Using ASTER and Formosat-2 Data Soushi Kato 1,*, Yasushi Yamaguchi 2, Cheng-Chien Liu 1, 3 and Chen-Yi Sun 4 1 Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan. E-mail: ccliu88@.tw 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. E-mail: yasushi@nagoya-u.jp 3 Institute of Satellite Informatics and Earth Environment, Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 4 Department of Landscape Architecture, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan. E-mail: sunje.tw@.tw * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: katoso@.tw Received: 1 September 2008; in revised form: 18 September 2008 / Accepted: 24 September 2008 / Published: 26 September 2008 Abstract: The urban heat island phenomenon occurs as a mixed result of anthropogenic heat discharge, decreased vegetation, and increased artificial impervious surfaces. To clarify the contribution of each factor to the urban heat island, it is necessary to evaluate the surface heat balance. Satellite remote sensing data of Tainan City, Taiwan, obtained from Terra ASTER and Formosat-2 were used to estimate surface heat balance in this study. ASTER data is suitable for analyzing heat balance because of the wide spectral range. We used Formosat-2 multispectral data to classify the land surface, which was used to interpolate some surface parameters for estimating heat fluxes. Because of the high spatial resolution of the Formosat-2 image, more roads, open spaces and small vegetation areas could be distinguished from buildings in urban areas; however, misclassifications of land cover in such areas using A