Surface Science Studies of Gas Sensing Materials SnO2 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2006, 6, 1345-1366 sensors ISSN 1424-8220 ? 2006 by MDPI /sensors Review Surface Science Studies of Gas Sensing Materials: SnO2 Matthias Batzill Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA E-mail: mbatzill@ Received: 26 September 2006 / Accepted: 16 October 2006 / Published: 17 October 2006 Abstract: This review is an attempt to give an overview on how surface science studies can contribute to a fundamental understanding of metal oxide gas sensors. In here tin dioxide is used as a model system for metal oxide gas sensor materials and we review surface science studies of single crystal SnO2. The composition, structure, electronic and chemical properties of the (110) and (101) surfaces is described. The influence of compositional changes as a function of the oxygen chemical potential on the electronic surface structure and the chemical properties is emphasized on the example of the (101) surface. The surface chemical properties are discussed on the example of water adsorption. It is shown the chemical and gas sensing properties depend strongly on the surface composition. Keywords: surface science, single crystal, metal oxide surfaces, photoemission, scanning tunneling microscopy. 1. Introduction Metal oxides, such as ZnO, In2O3, SnO2, etc., have been studied extensively for their gas response to oxidizing and reducing gases. Generally, gas sensitive metal oxide materials are porous thick films. In a gas sensor, molecular adsorption or reaction of molecules with pre-adsorbed chemical species, results in a change of the electrical conductivity. This conductivity change can be easily detected and is often used as the gas response signal. Thus, because the fundamental process is the adsorption and reaction of molecules at an oxide surface, solid state gas sensing is a surface science problem. The basic mechanism that causes the conductivity of the m