58-唐芹 马力-不同人群卫生科普需求及传播方式研究.docVIP

不同人群卫生科普需求及传播方式研究 中华医学会科学普及部 唐芹 马力（北京，100710） 【摘要】目的 了解调查地区农村居民、城市居民、农民建筑工对卫生科普的需求，以及对卫生科普各种大众传播与人际传播方式的评价与选择，提出调整卫生科普内容、改进卫生科普传播方式及管理工作的建议。方法 采用查阅资料、现场观察、定量及定性调查等研究方法。其中参加定量问卷调查的总人数为2357人，包括农村居民600人，城市社区居民1273人，农民建筑工484人，参加定性调查的总人数为132人。结果 （1）城乡居民获得卫生知识的主要途径是看电视、听广播、看报纸，科普书刊是农民建筑工获得卫生知识的重要途径。（2）调查人群对卫生科普知识的需求在职业、年龄、性别方面存在一定的差异。（3）调查人群对卫生科普方式的选择既有共同点，也存在差异。选择率最高的是电视，其次是广播和报纸。较受欢迎的科普方式还有宣传画册、小折页、宣传专栏、讲座和咨询。（4）建筑工地普遍缺少卫生科普资源，有限的科普资源利用率也很低。农民工在卫生科普知识的需求及传播方式的选择方面有其特殊性。（5）城乡居民对网络传播等现代科普方式的选择及利用率不高。结论 不同人群对卫生科普传播方式的实际需要存在很大的差异，应结合他们对卫生知识需求的特点，提供适宜的传播方式。 【关键词】 卫生科普、农村居民、城市居民、农民建筑工、需求、传播方式 Comparative Study on the Needs and Access to Health Education of Different Population Abstracts：Objectives We investigated the needs of health education among rural and urban residents and construction workers, and evaluated the effects of different methods of education, with an aim to optimizing health educations and its organization. Methods We applied both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative research method includes literature review, on-site observation and focus group discussions. A total of 2357 people participated in the quantitative questionnaire survey, among whom there were 600 rural residents, 1273 urban and 484 construction workers. Altogether 132 persons were invited for focus group discussions. Results Through these studies, we found that: 1. most rural and urban residents chose watching TV, listening to radio and reading newspaper for information on health, while construction workers mainly read magazines for information on health; 2. the needs for health education varied according to occupation, age and sex; 3. Both similarity and difference co-existed in the choice of preferred methods for health educations among study populations; the most popular was watching TV, followed by listening to radio and reading newspaper. Other popular methods include reading health education brochures, attending health education lectures and seeking heal