Time Delay for Aerial Ammonia Concentration Measurements in Livestock Buildings 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Time Delay for Aerial Ammonia Concentration Measurements in Livestock Buildings 英文参考文献
Sensors 2010, 10, 4634-4642;10.3390/s100504634
OPEN ACCESS
sensors
ISSN 1424-8220
/journal/sensors
Article
Time Delay for Aerial Ammonia Concentration Measurements
in Livestock Buildings
Hans Benny Rom * and Guo-Qiang Zhang
Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Aarhus, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; E-Mail: GuoQiang.Zhang@agrsci.dk
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hansb.rom@agrsci.dk;
Tel.: +45-89-99-18-72; Fax: +45-89-99-16-19.
Received: 1 March 2010; in revised form: 29 March 2010 / Accepted: 15 April 2010 /
Published: 4 May 2010
Abstract: Correct measurements of ammonia concentration in air still present considerable
challenges. The high water solubility and polarity can cause it to adsorb on surfaces in the
entire sampling system, including sampling lines, filters, valves, pumps and instruments,
causing substantial measuring errors and time delays. To estimate time delay
characteristics of a Photo Acoustic Multi Gas Monitor 1312 and a Multi Point Sampler
continuous measurement of aerial ammonia concentrations at different levels was
performed. In order to obtain reproducible data, a wind tunnel was used to generate
selected concentrations inside and a background concentration representing the air inlet of
the tunnel. Four different concentration levels (0.8 ppm, 6.2 ppm, 9.7 ppm and 13.7 ppm)
were used in the experiments, with an additional outdoor concentration level as
background. The results indicated a substantial time delay when switching between the
measuring positions with high and low concentration and vice versa. These properties may
course serious errors for estimation of e.g. gas emissions whenever more than one
measuring channel is applied. To reduce the measurement errors, some suggestions
regarding design of the measurement setup
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