Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes a Danish cohort study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes a Danish cohort study 英文参考文献.doc

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Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes a Danish cohort study 英文参考文献

Raaschou-Nielsenetal.EnvironmentalHealth2012,11:60 /content/11/1/60 RESEARCH OpenAccess Trafficairpollutionandmortalityfrom cardiovasculardiseaseandallcauses:aDanish cohortstudy OleRaaschou-Nielsen1*,ZoranaJovanovicAndersen1,2,SteenSolvangJensen3,MatthiasKetzel3,MetteS?rensen1, JohnniHansen1,SteffenLoft4,AnneTj?nneland1andKimOvervad5 Abstract Background:Trafficairpollutionhasbeenlinkedtocardiovascularmortality,whichmightbeduetoco-exposure toroadtrafficnoise.Further,personalandlifestylecharacteristicsmightmodifyanyassociation. Methods:Wefollowedup52061participantsinaDanishcohortformortalityinthenationwideRegisterofCauses ofDeath,fromenrollmentin1993–1997through2009,andtracedtheirresidentialaddressesfrom1971onwardsin theCentralPopulationRegistry.Weuseddispersion-modelledconcentrationofnitrogendioxide(NO2)since1971 asindicatoroftrafficairpollutionandusedCoxregressionmodelstoestimatemortalityrateratios(MRRs)with adjustmentforpotentialconfounders. Results:MeanlevelsofNO2attheresidencesince1971weresignificantlyassociatedwithmortalityfrom cardiovasculardisease(MRR,1.26;95%confidenceinterval[CI],1.06–1.51,perdoublingofNO2concentration)and allcauses(MRR,1.13;95%CI,1.04–1.23,perdoublingofNO2concentration)afteradjustmentforpotential confounders.Forparticipantswhoate200goffruitandvegetablesperday,theMRRwas1.45(95%CI,1.13–1.87) formortalityfromcardiovasculardiseaseand1.25(95%CI,1.11–1.42)formortalityfromallcauses. Conclusions:Trafficairpollutionisassociatedwithmortalityfromcardiovasculardiseasesandallcauses,after adjustmentfortrafficnoise.Theassociationwasstrongestforpeoplewithalowfruitandvegetableintake. Keywords:Traffic,Airpollution,Cardiovascularmortality,Totalmortality,Cohort Background [11]; the amount of fruit and vegetables in the diet, Althoughseveralrecentstudieshaveshownassociations containing antioxidants and related compounds, might between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollu- therefore modify the effect of air pollution as suggested tion and mort