Vascular involvement in rheumatic diseases vascular rheumatology 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/10/5/224 Review Vascular involvement in rheumatic diseases: ‘vascular rheumatology’ Zoltán Szekanecz1 and Alisa E Koch2,3 1University of Debrecen Medical Center, Institute of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, 22 Móricz street, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary 2Veterans’ Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA 3University of Michigan Health System, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA Corresponding author: Zoltán Szekanecz, szekanecz@ Published: 10 October 2008 Arthritis Research Therapy 2008, 10:224 (doi:10.1186/ar2515) This article is online at /content/10/5/224 ? 2008 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract folate deficiency, lipoprotein (a), anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti- bodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and heat shock proteins, are all involved in atherosclerosis underlying inflammatory rheu- matic diseases. Targeting of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and angiogenesis by administering nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs as well as monoclonal antibodies or small molecular compounds inhibiting the action of a single mediator may control inflammation and prevent tissue destruction. Vasoprotective agents may help to prevent premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The vasculature plays a crucial role in inflammation, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis associated with the pathogenesis of inflam- matory rheumatic diseases, hence the term ‘vascular rheumatology’. The endothelium lining the blood vessels becomes activated during the inflammatory process, resulting in the production of several mediators, the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, and increased vascular permeability (leakage). All of this enables the extravasation of inflammatory cells into the interstitial matrix. The endothelial ad