Vasculopathy and disordered angiogenesis in selected rheumatic diseases rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/9/S2/S3 Review Vasculopathy and disordered angiogenesis in selected rheumatic diseases: rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis Alisa E Koch1 and Oliver Distler2 1Veterans’ Hospital, and the University of Michigan Medical School, Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA 2Center of Experimental Rheumatology/Integrative Human Physiology and Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland Corresponding author: Alisa E Koch, aekoch@ Published: 15 August 2007 Arthritis Research Therapy 2007, 9(Suppl 2):S3 (doi:10.1186/ar2187) This article is online at /content/9/S2/S3 ? 2007 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Like any biological system, inducers of angiogenesis are counterbalanced by inhibitors. However, in angiogenesis the inhibitors often outweigh the inducers, resulting in a normal physiological balance. When the converse situation occurs, conditions characterized by angiogenesis, such as inflam- matory angiogenesis or angiogenesis related to tumour growth, can develop. In this review we explore potential initiators of Angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, a family of related disorders that includes rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatoid arthritis is the rheumatic disease in which the role of angiogenesis has been studied most extensively. However, whereas rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by excessive angiogenesis, the situation is not as clear cut in other rheumatic diseases. For example, systemic sclerosis is characterized by reduced capillary density with angiogenic responses. Results with angiogenesis inhibitors are controversial, and there is - in parallel - a wide range of upregulated angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Dysregulation of angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis is accomp