VEGF signaling mediates bladder neuroplasticity and inflammation in response to BCG 英文参考文献.docVIP

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VEGF signaling mediates bladder neuroplasticity and inflammation in response to BCG 英文参考文献.doc

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VEGF signaling mediates bladder neuroplasticity and inflammation in response to BCG 英文参考文献

Sabanetal.BMCPhysiology2011,11:16 /1472-6793/11/16 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess VEGFsignalingmediatesbladderneuroplasticity andinflammationinresponsetoBCG MarciaRSaban1,CaroleADavis1,AntonioAvelino2,FranciscoCruz3,JulieMaier4,DaleEBjorling5, ThomasJSferra6,RobertEHurst7andRicardoSaban1* Abstract Background:Thisworkteststhehypothesisthatincreasedlevelsofvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF) observedduringbladderinflammationmodulatesnerveplasticity. Methods:ChronicinflammationwasinducedbyintravesicalinstillationsofBacillusCalmette-Guérin(BCG)intothe urinarybladderandthedensityofnervesexpressingthetransientreceptorpotentialvanilloidsubfamily1(TRPV1) orpan-neuronalmarkerPGP9.5wasusedtoquantifyalterationsinperipheralnerveplasticity.Somemicewere treatedwithB20,aVEGFneutralizingantibodytoreducetheparticipationofVEGF.Additionalmiceweretreated systemicallywithantibodiesengineeredtospecificallyblockthebindingofVEGFtoNRP1(anti-NRP1B)andNRP2 (NRP2B),orthebindingofsemaphorinstoNRP1(anti-NRP1 A)todiminishactivityofaxonguidancemoleculessuch asneuropilins(NRPs)andsemaphorins(SEMAs).ToconfirmthatVEGFiscapableofinducinginflammationand neuronalplasticity,anothergroupofmicewasinstilledwithrecombinantVEGF165 orVEGF121 intotheurinary bladder. Results:ThemajorfindingofthisworkwasthatchronicBCGinstillationresultedininflammationandan overwhelmingincreaseinbothPGP9.5andTRPV1immunoreactivity,primarilyinthesub-urotheliumoftheurinary bladder.Treatmentofmicewithanti-VEGFneutralizingantibody(B20)abolishedtheeffectofBCGoninflammation andnervedensity. NRP1AandNRP1Bantibodies,knowntoreduceBCG-inducedinflammation,failedtoblockBCG-inducedincreasein nervefibers.However,theNRP2BantibodydramaticallypotentiatedtheeffectsofBCGinincreasingPGP9.5-, TRPV1-,substanceP(SP)-,andcalcitoningene-relatedpeptide(CGRP)-immunoreactivity(IR).Finally,instillationof VEGF121 orVEGF165 intothemousebladderrecapitulatedtheeffectsofBCGandresultedinasignificant inflammationandincreaseinnervedensity. Conclusions:For