Ventilator associated pneumonia and infection control 英文参考文献.docVIP

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials BioMedCentral Review Open Access Ventilator associated pneumonia and infection control Emine Alp*1,2 and Andreas Voss1,3 Address: 1Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen University Centre for Infections, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey and 3Canisus Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Email: Emine Alp* - ealp@.tr; Andreas Voss - a.voss@cwz.nl * Corresponding author Published: 06 April 2006 Received: 06 December 2005 Accepted: 06 April 2006 Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2006, 5:7 doi:10.1186/1476-0711-5-7 This article is available from: /content/5/1/7 ? 2006 Alp and Voss; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. The incidence of VAP varies from 7% to 70% in different studies and the mortality rates are 20–75% according to the study population. Aspiration of colonized pathogenic microorganisms on the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract is the main route for the development of VAP. On the other hand, the major risk factor for VAP is intubation and the duration of mechanical ventilation. Diagnosis remains difficult, and studies showed the importance of early initiation of appropriate antibiotic for prognosis. VAP causes extra length of stay in hospital and intensive care units and increases hospital cost. Consequently, infection control policies are more rational and will save money. Introduction Despite the clinical experience and major advances in diagnostic techniques and management, VA