Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of adult zebrafish 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of adult zebrafish 英文参考文献.doc

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Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of adult zebrafish 英文参考文献

Tappeineretal.FrontiersinZoology2012,9:10 /content/9/1/10 RESEARCH OpenAccess Visualacuityandcontrastsensitivityofadult zebrafish ChristophTappeiner1,SimonGerber1,VolkerEnzmann1,JasminBalmer1,AnnaJazwinska2andMarkusTschopp1* Abstract Background:Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatethevisualacuityofadultzebrafishbyassessingtheoptokinetic reflex.Usingamodifiedcommerciallyavailableoptomotordevice(OptoMotryW),virtualthree-dimensionalgratings ofvariablespatialfrequencyorcontrastwerepresentedtoadultzebrafish.Inafirstexperiment,visualacuitywas evaluatedbychangingthespatialfrequencyatdifferentangularvelocities.Thereafter,contrastsensitivitywas evaluatedbychangingthecontrastlevelatdifferentspatialfrequencies. Results:Atthedifferenttestedangularvelocities(10,15,20,25,and30d/s)andacontrastof100%,visualacuity valuesrangedfrom0.56to0.58c/d.Contrastsensitivitymeasuredatdifferentspatialfrequencies(0.011,0.025,0.5, 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5and0.55c/d)withanangularvelocityof10d/sand25d/srevealedaninvertedU-shaped contrastsensitivitycurve.Thehighestmeancontrastsensitivity(±SD )valuesof20.49±4.13and25.24±8.89were foundforaspatialfrequencyof0.05c/d(angularvelocity10d/s)and0.1c/d(angularvelocity25d/s),respectively. Conclusions:VisualacuityandcontrastsensitivitymeasurementsinadultzebrafishwiththeOptoMotryWdeviceare feasibleandrevealaremarkablyhigherVAcomparedtolarvalzebrafishandmice. Keywords:Adultzebrafish,Visualacuity,Optokineticreflex,Optomotry Background zebrafish[7].OKRmeasurementshavetheadvantageofa Zebrafish (Danio rerio), which were initially used as an stereotypedandrobustbehaviorand nopriortrainingof animal model in developmental biology due to high fe- the animal is necessary. The OKR consists of a slow cundity and ease of maintenance, has found its way into movement in the direction of a perceived motion, fol- visual research due to its excellent visual system with a lowed by a quick return movement, called saccade [8]. cone-dominated retina [1]. In the past, measurements of Du