普通车床的数控化改造要点.doc

摘要 随着科学技术的发展，生产和生活中自动化程度的深入。普通机床越来越不能满足市场的需求，其劳动强度大，危险性高，且不能满足现代科学的批量生产需要，越来越多的企业将普通机床逐渐转向数控化With the development of science and technology,and Automation of production and life in-depth general machine tools can not meet market demand, the labor-intensive, high-risk, and mass production can not meet the needs of modern science, more and more enterprises are turning to the ordinary numerical control machine tools . This paper briefly described the research background and significance,then lathe CNC of the economic transformation were analyzed and comparad.Reference to some books about design and the use of some knowledge about the research,proposed to meet the requirements of this topic NC rehabilitation programs. This introduction of the design included:The draw-up of the generaloutline,the decision of the total designal projection,the reforms design to the system of serve enters,the choice and design to the knife which turn automatically and the design ofthe numerical control system, and so on.While the Motorcycle been reformed,lengthways,horizontal enter to proceed to system the number controls the control,and meet theestablishedrequirments.Knife must be the automatic control a knife which is turning automatically, and it is able to slice the thread automatically. Finally, the calculation steps of the design and conclusions drawn diagram components and overall assembly diagram, and mark the process of technical requirements Key word: Economy;The number controls to reforms;The system of enters ; Automatic knife 目 录 摘要 I Abstract II 1 课题的提出 1 1.1 国内外发展情况 1 1.2普通车床数控化改造的目的及意义 2 1.3 设计要求及需解决的关键问题 4 2 总体方案设计 5 2.1 设计任务 5 2.2 总体方案的论证 6 2.3总体设计方案的确定 8 3 进给伺服系统设计及计算 9 3.1 确定脉冲当量 9 3.2 切削力的计算 9 3.3 滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计、计算和选型 10 3.4 齿轮传动比计算 19 4 步进电动机的计算和选型 22 4.1 纵向进给步进电机的计算和选型 22 4.2 横向进给步进电机的计算和选型 28 5 自转位刀架 34 5.1 数控车床刀架的基本要求 34 5.2 自转位刀架的结构 34 5.3 刀架的选择 35 5.4 刀架工作原理 35 5.5 刀架的安装 37 6 数控系统硬件电路设计 38 6.1 控制系统方案的确定及绘制框图 38 6.2 单片机的选择 39 6.3 8051单片机及扩展芯片的使用