免疫学（张玲华）1免疫学第1章-白底新.pptVIP

Study Guide What is immunity? What distinguishes the various types of immunity? What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity Study Guide Can you describe the major classes of cells involved in immunity? Which cells are considered mononuclear leukocytes? What is the relationship between the monocyte and the macrophage? What is the relationship between the B-cell and the plasma cell? The Adaptive Response is a “Two-Edged Sword” Protection Damage to the host (hypersensitivities) Allergies Cell and tissue damage due to autoimmunity （五）免疫应答 免疫应答指免疫活性细胞对抗原分子的识别、活化、增殖和分化以及产生效应的过程。 抗原 抗原呈递细胞（APC） 效应细胞 细胞毒T淋巴细胞 抗体（ADCC） 感应阶段 反应阶段 效应阶段 Antigen A substance (antigen) that is capable of reacting with the products of a specific immune response, e.g., antibody or specific sensitized T-lymphocytes. A “self” component may be considered an antigen even though one does not generally make immune responses against those components. 1.病原微生物 2.外毒素和内毒素 3.动物免疫血清 4.异嗜性抗原 5.同种异体抗原 6.自身抗原 7.其他 抗原 免疫细胞和免疫活性细胞 免疫细胞：凡是参与免疫应答或与免疫应答有关的细胞 免疫活性细胞：是指特异性免疫应答的淋巴细胞，又称为抗原特异性淋巴细胞。 免疫球蛋白和抗体 免疫球蛋白：具有抗体活性或化学结构上与抗体相似的球蛋白。 抗体：是在抗原刺激下，由浆细胞产生的具有特异性的免疫球蛋白，它具有与相应抗原发生特异性结合的特性。 补体 概念:是存在人或动物血清中正常的一组与免疫有关的并具有酶活性的球蛋白。 作用途径： 1. 经典途径（传统途径）：激活成份C1－C9. 2. MBL途径：甘露聚糖结合凝集素（MBL）和C反应蛋白参与该途径的激活 3. 旁路途径：直接激活C3，继而完成C5至C9各成份的连锁反应 Hypersensitivity Reactions Reactions that are detrimental to the host Autoimmunity Atypical immune responses (allergies) Inability to eliminate a pathogen (granulomas肉芽肿病) The tissues become a carrier for a hapten (poison ivy, nickel, penicillin Rejection of transplanted tissues The products of the immune response may be used To diagnose disease To monitor disease progress As reagents in assays to detect and quantify other substances Components of the immune system Cells involved in immunity platelets Megakaryocyte 巨核细胞 eosinophil] 嗜曙红细胞 neutrophil basophil 嗜碱细胞 mast cell common myeloid 骨髓progenitor monocyte macrophage Natural Killer cell plasma cell B Lymphocyte T Lymphoc