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Effects of Individual Tree Detection Error Sources on Forest Management Planning Calculations.doc

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Effects of Individual Tree Detection Error Sources on Forest Management Planning Calculations

Remote Sens. 2011, 3, 1614-1626; doi:10.3390/rs3081614 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Effects of Individual Tree Detection Error Sources on Forest Management Planning Calculations Mikko Vastaranta 1,*, Markus Holopainen 1, Xiaowei Yu 2, Juha Hyypp? 2, Antti M?kinen 3, Jussi Rasinm?ki 3, Timo Melkas 4, Harri Kaartinen 2 and Hannu Hyypp? 5 1 Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; E-Mail: markus.holopainen@helsinki.fi 2 Finnish Geodetic Institute, FI-02431 Masala, Finland; E-Mails: yu.xiaowei@fgi.fi (X.Y.); juha.hyyppa@fgi.fi (J.H.); harri.kaartinen@fgi.fi (H.K.) 3 Simosol Oy, Asema-aukio 2, FI-11130 Riihim?ki, Finland; E-Mail: antti.makinen@simosol.fi (A.M.); jussi.rasinmaki@simosol.fi (J.R.) 4 Mets?teho Ltd., Helsinki, FI-00170, Finland; E-Mail: timo.melkas@metsateho.fi 5 School of Science and Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; E-Mail: hannu.hyyppa@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mikko.vastaranta@helsinki.fi; Tel.: +358-40-068-9966. Received: 12 April 2011; in revised form: 20 May 2011 / Accepted: 8 July 2011 / Published: 25 July 2011 Abstract: The objective was to investigate the error sources of the airborne laser scanning based individual tree detection (ITD), and its effects on forest management planning calculations. The investigated error sources were detection of trees (etd), error in tree height prediction (eh) and error in tree diameter prediction (ed). The effects of errors were analyzed with Monte Carlo simulations. etd was modeled empirically based on a tree’s relative size. A total of five different tree detection scenarios were tested. Effect of eh was investigated using 5% and 0% and effect of ed using 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 0% error levels, respectively. The research material comprised 15 forest stands located in Southern Finland. Measurem