红外光谱-有机化学课件.ppt

13.19Infrared Spectroscopy Gives information about the functional groups in a molecule Infrared Spectroscopy region of infrared that is most useful lies between2.5-16 mm (4000-625 cm-1) depends on transitions between vibrational energy states stretching bending Stretching Vibrations of a CH2 Group Bending Vibrations of a CH2 Group Bending Vibrations of a CH2 Group Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption Frequencies Structural unit Frequency, cm-1 Stretching vibrations (single bonds) sp C—H 3310-3320 sp2 C—H 3000-3100 sp3 C—H 2850-2950 sp2 C—O 1200 sp3 C—O 1025-1200 Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption Frequencies Structural unit Frequency, cm-1 Stretching vibrations (multiple bonds) Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption Frequencies Structural unit Frequency, cm-1 Stretching vibrations (carbonyl groups) Aldehydes and ketones 1710-1750 Carboxylic acids 1700-1725 Acid anhydrides 1800-1850 and 1740-1790 Esters 1730-1750 Amides 1680-1700 Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption Frequencies Structural unit Frequency, cm-1 Bending vibrations of alkenes Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption Frequencies Structural unit Frequency, cm-1 Bending vibrations of derivatives of benzene Monosubstituted 730-770 and 690-710 Ortho-disubstituted 735-770 Meta-disubstituted 750-810 and 680-730 Para-disubstituted 790-840 Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption Frequencies Structural unit Frequency, cm-1 Stretching vibrations (single bonds) O—H (alcohols) 3200-3600 O—H (carboxylic acids) 3000-3100 N—H 3350-3500 Symmetric Antisymmetric In plane In plane Out of plane Out of plane Francis A. Carey, Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition. Copyright ? 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2000 3500 3000 2500 1000 1500 500 Wave number, cm-1 Figure 13.26: Infrared Spectrum of Hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 C—H stretching bending bending bending Francis A. Carey, Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition. Copyright ? 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2000 3500 3000