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Efficient Fuzzy C-Means Architecture for Image Segmentation
Sensors 2011, 11, 6697-6718; doi:10.3390/s110706697
OPEN ACCESS
sensors
ISSN 1424-8220
/journal/sensors
Article
Ef?cient Fuzzy C-Means Architecture for Image Segmentation
Hui-Ya Li, Wen-Jyi Hwang and Chia-Yen Chang
?
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University,
Taipei 116, Taiwan; E-Mails: royalfay@ (H.-Y.L.); edi?er5757@.tw (C.-Y.C.)
?
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: whwang@.tw;
Tel.: +886-2-7734-6670; Fax: +886-2-2932-2378.
Received: 2 June 2011; in revised form: 20 June 2011 / Accepted: 24 June 2011 /
Published: 27 June 2011
Abstract: This paper presents a novel VLSI architecture for image segmentation. The
architecture is based on the fuzzy c-means algorithm with spatial constraint for reducing
the misclassi?cation rate. In the architecture, the usual iterative operations for updating
the membership matrix and cluster centroid are merged into one single updating process to
evade the large storage requirement. In addition, an ef?cient pipelined circuit is used for the
updating process for accelerating the computational speed. Experimental results show that
the the proposed circuit is an effective alternative for real-time image segmentation with low
area cost and low misclassi?cation rate.
Keywords: fuzzy c-means; image segmentation; fuzzy clustering; fuzzy hardware; FPGA;
recon?gurable computing; system on programmable chip
1. Introduction
Image segmentation plays an important role in computer vision and image analysis. The segmentation
results can be used to identify regions of interest and objects in the scene, which is very bene?cial to the
subsequent image analysis or annotation. The fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) [1] is one of the most
used technique for image segmentation. The accuracy of FCM is due to the employment of fuzziness for
the clustering of each image pixel. This enables the fuzzy clustering methods to retain more information
from the original image
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